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Coronation Ceremonies History
The Battle of Mohacs in 1526 was a tragedy for Hungarian kingdom, king Louis II died and the country without protection was left to the quickly advancing Turkish army and eventually got absorbed into Turkish Empire. Ironically after this tragedy at Mohacs the golden age of Bratislava started. Traditional and sacred Hungarian coronation site, Virgin Mary Church in city of Belgrade was captured by Turks. According to Emperor Ferdinand order under law no. 49 in 1536 Bratislava was announced capital of Hungary. This day Bratislava became one of the well known European coronation and capital cities.
Bratislava was for almost 250 years (1536-1783) capital of Hungary. St. Martin’s Dome became the coronation church. In its presbytery 11 kings, including Maria Theresa, and 8 royal spouses were crowned in following order:
· Maximilian (1564 -1576) 8.IX.1563
· Maria (Maximilian’s spouse) 9. IX.1563
· Rudolf (1576 -1608) 25.IX.1576
· Matthew II. (1608 – 1619) 19.XI.1608
· Anne (Matthew’s spouse) 25.III.1613
· Ferdinand II. (1619 – 1637) 1.VII.1618
· Eleanor (Ferdinand’s spouse) in 1622
· Maria Anne (1. spouse of Ferdinand III.) 14.II.1638
· Ferdinand IV. (1646 – 1654) 16.VI.1647
· Maria Eleanor (3.spouse of Ferdinand III.) 6.VI.1655
· Leopold I. (1657 – 1705) 27.VI.1655
· Joseph I. (1705 – 1711) 9.XII.1687
· Karl III. (1711 – 1740) 22.V.1712
· Elisabeth Kristine (wife of Karl III.) 18.X.1714
· Maria Theresa (1740 – 1780) 25.VI.1741
· Leopold II. (1790 – 1792) 15.XI.1790
· Marie Louis (third spouse of Franz I.) 7.IX.1808
· Caroline Augusta (fourth spouse of Franz I.) 25.IX.1825
· Ferdinand V. (1835 – 1848) 28.IX.1830
In Religious Coronation Act did not only the Emperor formally ascend to the throne, the ceremony was also a legal act by which the royal power was granted to the king from the royal crown.
Coronation ceremonies and the synod sessions that were held beforehand contributed to the glory and reputation of the city. City had lot of spending in connection with the ceremonies but the merit used to be much bigger.
Coronation Concillium was meeting in Hungarian kingdom usually upon order of the ruler. This sitting could last for several months. Many Hungarian kings from Habsburg dynasty were crowned before their predecessor died. In the beginning of Hungarian kingdom the Concillium voted for the new king, in later years king himself named his successor.
